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Contents 

1  Memorial  showin*  the  wants  of  the  University.  1\ 

1875. 

2  game  .      1875   1876. 

5  teMe.      1877-78. 

3a  Report  of  the  Regents  to  the  Constitutional  com 

4   Report  of  Commission  to  examine  im,c  and  report 
condition  of  certain  funds,  etc.  in  relation  i 
State  university,  1879. 

6  Memo  if  rial  of  the  Regents  on  the  wants  of  the  Uni 


6   Same.   Feb.  3,  1880. 


7  Memorial  to  Congress  (regarding  investment  of  me 

derived  from  sale  of  lands  donated  by  Congresi 
28,  1882. 

8  Report  of  Law  committee"  of  tve  Regents  on  the  ac 

Congress  of  July  2,  1862. 


9  University  of  Califo  nia  rneedel  .  an.l,  1885. 

10  Senate  bill  No.  49.  Jan  18.  1887.  An  act  to  pro\ 

for  the  permanent  support  of  twe  University. 

11  Reasons  for  suprortinr  bill  to  provide  for  the  p 

•inent  support  of  the  University.  Jan.  1887. 

12  Communication  rerardin^  fundt  for  Experiment  sta 

Dec.  6,  1887. 

13  Recort  of  the  speoipl  com  ittee  on  the  Worrill  c 

aid  act.  tfar.  1891. 

» 

14  Appeal  to  t^e  Alumni  of  the  University  by  a  COITIT 

on  legislation  ap-ointed  by  the  Regents  to  arc 
interest  in  securing;  funds  for  tve  University. 
25,  1894. 


1?'  ''887  f°r 


18  Report  of  Conmittee  on  ways  and  iieans.  May  20,  1 

19  Report  on  establishment  of  fee  for  incidentals.  r 


tl?e  Board  of  I^epts  of 
Upiv^rsity  of  Qalifori)ia 


Report  of  <?o(nA)itt<^  09 

U/ays  apd  /T\eai}8. 
(T\ay  20,  1896. 


Report  of  Committee  on  Ways  and 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  2Oth,  1896. 

To  the  Honorable  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University 
of  California  : 

The  present  financial  straits  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia could  hardly  be  indicated  more  clearly  and  strongly 
than  by  the  creation  of  the  Committee  which  makes  this 
report.  Despite  an  administration  of  the  finances  of  the 
University,  during  the  last  twenty-seven  years,  which  is 
almost  unparalleled  for  its  excellence,  an  administration 
which  has  carefully  considered  and  critically  checked 
every  expenditure  and  which  may  boast  justly  of  the 
fact  that  not  a  single  dollar  of  the  University's  funds  has 
been  lost  by  any  investment  during  that  long  period,  and 
despite  the  time  and  care  and  thought  and  attention  given 
to  the  University's  finances  for  years,  by  many,  if  not  all 
of  the  members  of  this  body,  whose  success  in  life  is  a 
guarantee  of  ability  to  overcome  such  difficulties  as  the 
University  now  faces,  this  Board  has  found  the  financial 
situation  so  grave  and  so  pressing  as  to  call  for  the  crea- 
tion, for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  University,  of 
a  Ways  and  Means  Committee,  to  specially  consider  and 
report  upon  the  financial  outlook  of  the  State  University. 

Apparently  the  only  alternative  which  now  presents 
itself  is,  that  either  a  considerable  deficit  in  the  Uni- 
versity's funds  must  be  created,  a  course  never  before 


taken,  or  the  actual  teaching  'force  at  the  University 
must  be  curtailed.  In  other  words,  the  Regents,  as 
trustees,  must  expend  more  than  the  income  of  the  trust 
fund,  or  there  must  be  a  restriction  in  the  number  of  the 
beneficiaries  of  that  fund,  which  was  created  solely  to 
give  to  the  largest  possible  number  of  such  beneficiaries 
the  benefits  of  a  higher  education. 

As  the  Committee  on  Internal  Administration  well 
say:  "  Last  year  we  cut  many  lines  of  work  short,  denied 
well-earned  salaries,  none  of  which  are  too  high  and  many 
of  which  are  too  low."  Some  instructors  are  rendering 
efficient  service  for  the  wages  of  a  cash  boy.  There  are 
no  useless  or  high  salaried  professors,  and  hardly  one  who 
could  not  better  his  condition  financially  by  leaving  us, 
and  hardly  one  whose  University  duties  do  not  require 
his  attention  for  more  hours  than  the  common  laborer 
works.  There  is  no  money  to  care  for  the  grounds  of  the 
University  at  Berkeley,  and  its  buildings  have  been 
unpainted  for  several  years.  Professors  threaten  to  leave 
us  to  accept  more  lucrative  offers  while  the  many  money 
injustices  to  the  professors  and  teachers,  necessarily  re- 
sulting from  our  limited  means,  must  destroy  the  morale 
and  effectiveness  of  the  teaching  force.  With  no  money 
for  lighting  the  grounds  or  library,  and  a  student  roll 
which  overtaxes  the  physical  accommodations,  and  the 
time  and  energies  of  the  teaching  force  at  the  University, 
it  is  no  wonder  that  the  feeling  is  general  that  the  youth 
of  the  State  are  turned  away  from  its  highest  institution 
of  learning  to  other  colleges,  where  not  only  do  we 
believe  they  will  receive  a  less  excellent  instruction,  but 


they  will  lose  that  patriotism,  love  and  pride  for  the 
Slate  of  California  which  will  result  inevitably  from  their 
additional  obligation  to  their  State  as  the  donor  to  them 
of  the  benefits  of  higher  education. 

It  is  with  a  thorough-going  and  keen  appreciation  ol 
this  situation  and  these  alternatives,  and  in  the  spirit 
thereby  naturally  engendered,  that  your  Committee  has 
approached  this  subject,  has  taken  the  counsel  and  heard 
the  suggestions  of  the  heads  of  some  of  the  departments 
of  the  University,  the  leading  citizens  of  this  State,  and 
many  of  the  graduates  of  the  University,  and  now  files 
this  report  upon  the  subject. 

Briefly  stated,  the  condition  we  are  called  upon  to  con- 
sider is  this:  There  will  be  an  excess  of  expenditures 
over  the  income  of  the  University  of  California,  on  the 
first  day  of  July  of  this  year,  of  about  thirteen  thousand 
(£13,000)  dollars  and  the  requirements  for  the  coming 
year  will  be  considerably  greater  than  for  the  past  twelve 
months,  while  the  income  of  the  University  will  almost 
certainly  be  no  greater  during  the  next  year,  and  may  be 
less.  The  University  is  growing  far  more  rapidly  than 
could  have  been  anticipated,  reasonably,  at  the  time  when 
its  financial  provisions  were  made,  and  the  demands  upon 
such  finances  have  already  far  outstripped  and  probably 
will  constantly  and  still  further  exceed  the  financial  pro- 
visions made. 

The  budget  for  the  year,  from  July  ist,  1896,  to  July 
ist,  1897,  must  now  be  made  up.  We  are  face  to  face 
with  the  question  of  either  leaving  the  deficit  which  now 
exists,  arid  increasing  it  probably  with  each  succeeding 


year,  or  of  taking  steps  now  to,  check  further  enlarge- 
ment and  spread  of  the  University  and  consequently 
limiting  the  benefits  and  advantages  derived  from  a  higher 
education  of  the  youth  of  both  sexes  of  this  State. 

Under  these  circumstances  the  problem  submitted  to 
the  attention  of  this  Committee  is  not  merely  the  present 
deficit,  but  the  probability,  almost  certainty,  of  a  largely 
and  constantly  increasing  deficit  in  the  years  to  come, 
and  it  seems  to  us,  therefore,  that  in  any  attempt  to  meet 
the  present  imminent  requirements  of  the  University, 
care  must  be  had  that  our  action  shall  not  only  not  pre  - 
judice,  but  shall  regard  the  University's  welfare  in  the 
many  years  to  come. 

For  these  reasons,  while  your  Committee  makes  seve- 
ral recommendations  on  minor  matters,  and  has  investi- 
gated numerous  subjects  which  may  be  brought  to  the 
attention  of  this  Board,  verbally,  all  of  which  will  tend  to 
reduce  the  expenses  of  the  University  in  a  slight  degree, 
we  have  deemed  it  due  to  the  great  importance  of  the 
subject  of  the  present  and  future  finances  of  the  Univer- 
sity to  regard  this  matter  broadly  in  so  far  as  the  limited 
time  accorded  us  by  this  Board  has  permitted. 

In  reference  to  the  present  deficit,  estimated  at  thir- 
teen thousand  dollars,  it  will  be  agreed  on  all  sides  that 
it  is  most  desirable,  so  far  as  consistent  with  carrying  out 
the  purposes  of  any  trust,  that  trustees  should  keep  the 
expenditures  within  the  income  of  the  trust  fund,  and  as 
this  has  not  been  possible  in  regard  to  the  University's 
funds  this  year,  despite  the  extraordinary  and  able  efforts 
of  the  gentlemen  who  have  so  carefully  conducted  the 


finances  of  this  University,  we  will  first  consider  what 
means  should  be  taken,  if  any,  to  repay  or  provide  for 
the  present  deficit.  The  sources  of  relief  are,  either, 
(a)  a  legislative  appropriation;  (b]  donations  by  private 
individuals;  (c)  loans  from  private  individuals,  the  repay- 
ment of  which  might  be  anticipated  from  the  appropria- 
tion by  the  next  Legislature;  (d)  a  tax,  under  some  name, 
on  such  of  the  students  of  the  University  as  could  well 
afford  to  pay  the  same. 

Your  committee  has  carefully  considered  and  canvassed 
all  of  these  propositions. 

As  the  Legislature  does  not  meet  until  next  January, 
this  source  of  relief  is  denied  us  at  the  present  time.  We 
have  reached  the  conclusion  and  feel  assured  that  relief 
from  the  present  deficit  cannot  be  had  by  either  private 
donations  or  by  a  loan  from  individuals,  even  though  its 
repayment  would  probably  be  made  by  a  legislative  appro- 
priation next  year;  and  so  far  as  concerns  the  students  we 
consider  that  it  would  be  unwise  and  ill  advised  to  tide 
over  the  present  emergency  by  a  tax  of  any  kind,  or 
under  any  name,  on  any  student  of  the  University  of 
California. 

We  take  up  this  last  branch  first,  and  we  beg  to  say,  at 
the  outset,  that  it  is  a  most  significant  fact,  that  the  sup- 
porters, in  this  Board,  of  the  plan  of  taxing  the  students  to 
meet  the  present  deficiency,  admit  that  they  do  so  with 
the  utmost  reluctance,  and  only  as  a  last  resort.  In  other 
words,  that  while  their  sentiments  and  feelings  least  in- 
cline them  to  this  course,  it  seems  to  them  the  only  way 
out  of  the  difficulty.  We  believe  there  is  at  least  one 


method  which  will  prove  upon  comparison  with  this,  both 
more  grateful  to  our  feelings  and  more  consonant  with 
the  welfare  of  the  University — one  which  will  recommend 
itself  more  strongly  to  both  our  hearts  and  minds ;  and  at 
the  same  time  we  beg  to  point  out  to  those  who  feel 
constrained  to  advocate  a  tax  on  some  of  the  students  to 
provide  for  the  present  deficit,  that  such  tax  must  neces- 
sarily constantly  increase,  as  the  future  prosperity  of  the 
University  requires  greater  and  greater  outlays,  unless 
the  Legislature  or  the  generosity  of  private  individuals 
relieves  the  situation ;  and  should  this  relief  so  come,  and 
it  is  both  probable  and  near  at  hand,  there  will  have  been 
two  classes  of  students,  those  in  the  past  who  have  not 
paid,  and  those  now  who  have,  and  the  present  students 
of  the  University  of  California,  unless  repaid  this  tem- 
porary exaction  on  them,  would  forever  preclude  the 
statement,  which  is  at  once  a  just  and  proud  claim  of 
this  State,  that  the  higher  education  was  furnished,  is 
furnished,  and  will  be  furnished  by  the  State  of  Califor 
nia,  to  every  seeker,  absolutely  without  cost. 

It  may  be  a  source  of  suggestion  to  us,  moreover, 
though  it  was  not  intended  to  influence  our  action,  that 
at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  this 
University,  a  resolution  was  passed  by  that  body  unani- 
mously against  placing  any  such  tax  upon  any  student  in 
the  University,  and  we  beg  to  add  that  in  our  interviews 
on  this  subject  with  several  of  the  leading  citizens  of  this 
State,  not  graduates  of  any  University,  they  have  unani- 
mously opposed  such  a  tax.  And  it  would  seem  to  us, 
as  it  has  been  suggested  to  us.  that  such  tax  should  not 


be  placed  upon  the  students  of  the  University,  at  least, 
until  the  representatives  of  the  people,  with  a  full  know- 
ledge of  the  situation,  have  denied  other  provisions  for 
the  education  of  the  youth  of  this  State,  and  have  made 
such  a  tax  a  last  resort;  and  as  a  final  answer  to  this  ques- 
tion the  Governor  of  the  State  has  pointed  out  the  fact 
that  the  law  prohibits  our  making  any  such  exaction  on 
the  students. 

In  reference  to  donations  by  private  individuals  to  pay 
this  deficit,  we  beg  to  say  that  we  have  interviewed  a 
number  of  the  citizens  of  this  State,  whose  generosity  on 
all  occasions  has  been  equalled  only  by  their  sincere  and 
hearty  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  State  University, 
and  assuming  that  the  position  taken  by  Mr.  Louis  Sloss, 
one  of  the  most  conspicuous  of  such  gentlemen,  would 
fairly  typify  the  attitude  of  other  citizens  who  might  be 
able  to  aid  in  this  emergency,  we  have  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that  we  should  be  unable  to  obtain  sufficient 
donations  to  pay  the  present  deficiency.  It  would  not 
further  the  desired  end  to  state  the  reasons  given  by 
those  whom  we  have  approached  on  this  subject,  and  to 
whom  we  have  submitted  also  the  second  proposition, 
that  they  should  advance  sufficient  money  to  pay  this, 
deficiency,  upon  a  promise  of  the  Board  of  Regents  that 
the  next  Legislature  would  repay,  in  all  probability, 
the  amounts  thus  borrowed,  and  we  must  report  that 
we  do  not  believe  this  method  feasible;  for.  as  has 
been  well  stated  to  us,  the  Legislature  will  either  ap- 
propriate the  necessary  moneys  or  it  will  not.  If  it 
should  not  do  so,  the  Board  of  Regents  would  be  placed 


8 

in  an  embarrassing  position,  and  a  considerable  number  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  this  State  might  have  cause  of 
grievance,  which  might  possibly  be  visited  upon  the 
University ;  and  if  the  Legislature  does  make  the  appro- 
priation, these  gentlemen  say  that  there  is  no  reason  why 
the  University  should  not  go  into  debt,  with  a  practical 
certainty  that  such  debt  will  be  cancelled  within  less  than 
a  year. 

The  suggestions  made  by  those  whom  we  have  ap- 
proached with  these  various  propositions  and  the  counsel 
of  the  heads  of  some  of  the  departments  and  the  older 
graduates  of  the  University  of  California,  with  all  of 
whom  we  have  gone  into  this  subject  somewhat  exten- 
sively, lead  us  to  the  conclusion  which  we  now  beg  to 
submit  to  the  Board,  and  that  is  that  the  best  way  out  of 
the  University '  s  present  and  prospective  indebtedness  is 
so  to  conduct  the  affairs  of  the  University  as  to  minister 
to  its  highest  and  best  welfare,  and  to  the  fullest  interests 
of  the  State,  which  depend  upon  it;  and  at  any  rate,  and 
in  no  event,  to  curtail  the  University  in  any  of  its  powers, 
purposes,  or  efficiency,  and  rather  than  this,  to  in- 
crease the  present  deficiency  if  necessary.  We  believe, 
in  brief,  that  the  worst  way  to  right  the  University's 
finances  is  to  wrong  the  University. 

We  cannot  refrain  from  quoting  in  this  behalf  the 
strong,  and,  to  us,  convincing  language,  so  frequently  used 
by  Regent  Wallace,  which  we  feel  should  deeply  impress, 
and  if  not  control,  at  least  guide  us  in  our  deliberations  on 
this  question.  As  he  so  well  puts  it,  "the  question  present- 
ed to  us  always  is,  shall  we  have  a  surplus  of  students  and 


a  deficiency  in  our  bank  account,  or  shall  we  have  a  surplus 
in  our  bank  account,  but  a  deficiency  of  students?"  As- he 
has  said,  the  Board  of  Regents  was  organized  to  care- 
fully and  thoughtfully  expend  money  in  giving  the  best 
possible  education  to  the  largest  number  of  students. 
We  are  created  to  make  wise  expenditures  for  that  special 
purpose,  and  it  is  for  the  State  to  meet  any  deficiency 
which  shall  result  in  the  proper  carrying  out  of  that  end, 
as  we  believe  it  will  do,  through  the  representatives  of 
the  people,  both  cheerfully  and  liberally.  We  must  face 
the  next  Legislature  with  one  of  two  propositions,  either 
a  petty  deficiency,  necessarily  incurred  in  carrying  out 
properly  the  purposes  of  the  University,  or  an  admission 
that  we  have  not  carried  out  those  purposes,  but  there  is 
a  little  less  deficiency,  and  we  believe,  in  the  light  of  the 
past  liberality  of  the  State  toward  the  higher  education, 
that  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  as  to  which  of  these 
courses  we  should  take. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  as  was  well  suggested 
in  our  conferences,  that  this  deficiency  is  not  of  our 
making;  it  is  due  simply  to  the  fact  that  the  people 
of  the  State,  be  it  said  to  their  credit  and  to  the 
credit  of  the  University,  have  sent  their  sons  and 
daughters  to  the  University  in  such  numbers,  that,  there- 
by, the  expense  of  educating  the  youth  of  this  State  has 
exceeded  the  provision  made  by  the  State  for  that  ex- 
press purpose,  and  we  believe  that  no  step  whatever 
should  be  taken  to  now  meet  this  deficiency  or  the  cer- 
tain future  deficiencies,  and  at  least  none  that  will  restrict 
in  any  way  the  powers  and  the  purposes  of  the  Univer- 


10 

sity  of  California,  until  the  representatives  of  the  people, 
assembled  in  the  halls  of  the  Legislature,  shall  determine 
that  in  their  judgment  and  in  the  interest  of  the  people, 
there  should  be  such  restriction;  and  we  may  add  that  we 
are  confident  that  upon  a  proper  submission  of  the  situa- 
tion, the  Legislature,  in  the  best  interests  of  this  State, 
will  enlarge  the  facilities  the  State  now  offers,  which 
facilities  are  no  longer  adequate  to  the  constantly  in- 
creasing demands  of  the  people  for  higher  education,  and 
will  rise  not  only  equal  but  superior  to  the  present  de- 
mands of  the  University.  Our  reasons  for  this  conclu- 
sion, which  we  think  should  be  controlling  with  this  body, 
as  we  believe  they  will  be  effective  with  the  Legislature, 
are  as  follows: 

The  provision  made  by  the  State  of  California  for  the 
constantly  increasing  wants  of  the  State  University  is 
embodied  in  the  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  1887,  and  con- 
sists of  a  tax  of  one-tenth  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar. 

At  that  time  the  number  of  students  in  the  University 
was  288,  while  now  it  is  1336.  The  provision  then  made 
by  the  Legislature  was  considered  just  sufficient  for  the 
then  needs  of  the  University,  and  it  was  anticipated  that 
the  taxable  wealth  of  the  State  would  increase  in  just 
about  the  proportion  that  the  University  would  grow, 
and  thus  meet  and  provide  for  the  constantly  increasing 
demands  of  the  University  through  the  enlargement  of 
the  number  of  its  students.  This  expectation  seemed 
then  to  be  well  founded,  and  was  justified  by  the  growth 
of  the  University  for  the  succeeding  four  years,  but 
since  the  year  1891  the  number  of  students  at  the  Uni- 


II 

versity,  which  was  then  456,  has  increased  to  a  degree  as 
remarkable  as  it  is  gratifying. 

Within  the  last  five  years  the  number  of  students  at 
the  State  University  at  Berkeley  has  trebled,  and  is  at  the 
present  writing,  one  thousand  three  hundred  and  thirty- 
six,  while  in  the  entire  University,  including  its  affiliated 
colleges,  the  number  is  two  thousand  and  forty -seven, 
while  the  indications  are  that  the  next  Freshman  class 
will  outnumber  all  before  it.  The  income  of  the  Univer- 
sity from  this  Act,  however,  so  far  from  doubling,  has 
increased  only  an  insignificant  amount  within  the  last  five 
years,  and  is  actually  less  in  1895  than  in  1894  or  1893. 

Under  these  circumstances  alone,  it  is  but  reasonable 
to  believe  that  the  next  Legislature  will  take  such  steps 
as  will  'be  commensurate  with  the  power,  the  pride  and 
and  the  dignity  of  a  sovereign  State,  when  it  realizes  that 
the  provision  for  the  support  of  the  University  made  by 
the  Legislature  in  1887  is  entirely  inadequate  to  the  pres- 
ent quadrupled  demands  of  the  University,  and  still  less 
adequate  to  maintain  that  constantly  increasing  prosperity 
of  the  State's  highest  institution  of  learning,  which  is  a 
just  source  of  State  pride,  and  an  essential  condition  of 
State  dignity  and  prosperity. 

This  State  is  marked  and  noted  for  a  liberality  commen- 
surate with  her  extensive  domain  and  the  richness  and 
variety  of  the  products  of  her  soil,  and  were  it  for  no 
other  reason  than  to  maintain  the  reputation  she  now  has 
throughout  the  Union,  in  this  particular  regard,  we  be- 
lieve the  representatives  of  her  people  at  the  next  Legis- 


12 

iature  will  make  the  provision  necessitated  by  the 
University's  unexampled  prosperity. 

And  as  a  spur  and  stimulus  to  such  action,  though 
none  will  be  needed,  we  can  point  to  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, which  gave  to  its  University  in  1891,  nearly  one 
million  dollars,  and  in  1893,  nearly  three  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars;  to  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  which  has  given 
to  its  University  one  million  two  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars, which  grants  it  a  permanent  tax  of  one-eighth  of  a 
mill  on  the  dollar,  and  in  addition,  for  six  years,  one-tenth 
of  a  mill  for  buildings,  and  in  addition  one  per  cent  of  the 
railroad  license  tax  which  yields  more  than  ten  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  and  further  specific  appropriations  of 
recent  date  amounting  to  one  hundred  and  ten  thousand 
dollars;  to  the  State  of  Michigan,  which  gives  its  Uni- 
versity a  tax  of  one-sixth  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar,  nearly 
double  our  rate;  to  the  State  of  Minnesota,  which  gives 
its  University  three-twentieths  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar,  one 
and  one  half  times  as  much  as  our  rate;  to  the  State  of 
Nebraska,  which  gives  nearly  four  times  as  much  as  our 
rate;  to  the  State  of  Indiana,  which  gives  one-half  of  a 
mill  for  thirteen  years,  for  endowment,  five  times  the 
amount  of  our  present  rate. 

These  facts  we  believe  will  not  only  justify  but  move  the 
State  of  California  to  take  such  steps  that  this  State  shall 
not  suffer  by  an  invidious  comparison  with  any  other  State 
in  this  Union;  and  we  feel  sure  that  the  regard  for  higher 
education  in  this  State  will  so  actuate  members  of  the 
next  Legislature  that  such  education  shall  not  be  denied 


13 

by  this  State  to  any  seeker  of  either  sex  or  from  any 
place. 

Our  demand  for  such  increased  revenues  for  the 
University  is  but  a  corollary  of  the  people's  own  action. 
Had  the  people  been  content,  within  the  last  four  years, 
to  send  no  more  of  their  sons  and  daughters  to  the  Uni- 
versity than  were  sent  at  the  time  the  State  made  its 
appropriation  for  their  education,  we  should  not  now  be 
confronted  with  this  deficiency.  But  as  those  people 
have  concluded  to  send  to  the  University  more  than 
quadruple  the  numbers  of  1887,  we  are  justified  in  believ- 
ing that  their  action  means  that  provision  shall  be  made 
by  the  Legislature  and  is  demanded  by  the  people  for  the 
education  of  this  enlarged  and  constantly  increasing  num- 
ber. 

We  think  we  understand  and  appreciate  the  senti- 
ment in  this  body,  that  the  University's  expenditures 
shall  be  restricted  to  the  University's  income,  but  we 
also  believe  that  a  truer  construction  of  our  duty  requires 
that  the  purposes  of  the  trust  should  \*t  paramount,  and 
as  the  people's  action  has  enlarged  those  purposes  beyond 
the  provisions  heretofore  made  to  carry  them  out,  we 
believe  that  those  who  have  made  the  expense  are  will- 
ing to  foot  the  bill. 

Even  those  who  are  most  conservative  in  this  re- 
gard admit  that  there  are  some  circumstances  under 
which  a  deficiency  would  not  only  be  justifiable,  but 
would  be  demanded  by  every  motive  which  should 
appeal  to  trustees  in  the  carrying  out  of  their  trust. 
It  is  readily  recognized  and  freely  admitted  that  if 


H 

any  of  the  buildings  of  the>  University,  should  burn 
down,  a  deficiency  would  have  to  be  made  in  order  that 
the  students  should  be  housed,  but  it  should  be,  as  it 
seems  to  us  it  will  be,  just  as  apparent,  that  whether  the 
1  ack  of  accommodations  be  due  to  such  a  misfortune  as 
fire  or  whether  it  be  due  to  a  corresponding  good  fortune, 
such  as  a  remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  students, 
the  reason  for  making  such  deficiency,  that  is,  the  lack 
of  accommodations,  would  apply  in  one  case  precisely  as 
in  the  other,  and  so  with  reference  to  a  deficiency  in  any 
other  regard,  or  for  any  other  purpose  vital  to  the  pro- 
per administration  of  the  trust. 

The  question  is  not  whether  we  should  have  a  defi- 
ciency. The  deficiency  already  exists,  and,  like  the  poor, 
with  our  present  rate,  it  bids  fair  to  be  with  us  always; 
the  question  is  simply  shall  that  deficiency  be  $  13,000  or 
$20,000  this  year. 

Moreover,  such  deficiency  is  the  only  measure  by 
which  can  be  determined  the  exact  amount  which  should 
be  devoted  by  the  Legislature  for  University  purposes; 
in  other  words,  the  deficiency  is  simply  the  exact  measure 
of  the  University's  increased  requirements.  If  those 
purposes  be  prevented  or  hindered  by  an  attempt  to 
keep  the  expenditures  within  the  income,  there  never 
will  be  any  method  of  determining  exactly  what  amount 
is  required  for  the  highest  efficiency  of  the  University. 
But  if  the  purposes  of  the  University  be  carried  out, 
thoroughly  and  well,  every  expenditure  being  thought- 
fully and  cautiously  made,  the  amount  of  the  deficiency 
at  the  expiration  of  any  year  will  mark  exactly  what  the 


Legislature  should  appropriate  in  order  that  the  Univer- 
sity may  best  subserve  the  ends  for  which  it  was  created. 

So  far  as  concerns  the  deficit  this  year,  or  any  future 
deficit,  until  the  next  Legislature  meets,  our  position  will 
certainly  be  justified  by  the  extraordinary  demands,  which 
have  been  made  upon  the  finances  of  the  University,  de- 
mands which  were  not  provided  for  because  they  could 
not  reasonably  have  been  expected;  demands  which 
would  not  exist  in  the  ordinary  and  usual  growth  of  an 
University. 

And  believing  that  our  position  is  well  justified  by  the 
situation,  and  that  the  deficiency  which  now  exists  needs 
no  excuse,  except  perhaps  that  it  might  well  have  been 
greater,  and  believing  that  there  has  been  no  time  in  the 
h  istory  of  the  University  more  fitting  to  increase  that 
deficiency  in  order  to  aid  not  only  the  final  and 
greater  prosperity  of  the  University,  but  also  two 
great  industries,  upon  which  the  prosperity  of  the  State 
so  largely  depends,  mining  and  agriculture,  the  further- 
ance of  both  of  which  was  within  the  purview  of  the 
founders  and  should  be  within  the  duties  of  the  State 
University,  we  make  the  following  suggestions. 

We  wish  to  say,  at  the  outset,  to  avoid  any  miscon- 
struction or  misunderstan  ding  of  our  ideas,  that  we  ear- 
nestly desire  and  sincerely  expect  that  our  recommenda- 
tion will  add  to  the  dignity,  increase  the  influence  and 
enlarge  the  scope  of  the  literary,  classical  and  scholastic 
sides  of  the  University,  and  we  reiterate  this  with  all  the 
emphasis  in  our  power. 

But  we    must   not  forget,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the 


i6 

Act  of  Congress  which  founded  this  State  University  in 
July,  1862,  as  one  of  a  system  of  State  Universities, 
throughout  the  Union,  expressly  declared  that  the  en- 
dowment was  "  for  the  support  of  at  least  one  college 
where  the  leading  object  should  be,  without  excluding 
other  scientific  and  classical  studies,  and  including  military 
tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning  as  are  related 
to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts,  in  such  a  manner 
as  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  may  respectively  pre- 
scribe, in  order  to  promote  the  liberal  and  practical  edu- 
cation of  the  industrial  classes  in  the  several  pursuits  and 
professions  in  life." 

The  conditions  of  this  endowment  are  that  military  in- 
struction should  be  given,  and  that  one  of  the  leading 
subjects  taught  at  these  State  Universities  should  be 
agriculture,  thus  safeguarding  the  existence  of  the 
Nation  in  time  of  war,  and  guaranteeing,  in  time  of  peace, 
a  manifold  material  return  to  the  people  of  the  State, 
through  a  knowledge  which  would  increase  the  value, 
variety  and  amount  of  the  products  of  the  soil. 

The  endowment  thus  tendered  and  accepted  by  us 
makes  it  the  duty  of  this  Board  to  see  that  the  Mining 
and  Agricultural  Departments  of  the  State  University 
should  be  so  conducted  as  to  minister  to  the  material  wel- 
fare of  the  State  in  these  two  great  sources  of  her  wealth. 
And  the  recent  action  of  our  State  Legislature  in  turn- 
ing over  to  the  University  the  Bureaus  of  Viticulture  and 
Forestry  has  plainly  indicated  this  to  be  the  strong  desire 
of  the  people  of  the  State,  a  desire  thoroughly  appre- 
ciated by  the  President  of  this  Board,  who  has  done 


17 

more,  perhaps,  than  any  other  person  to  bring  about  this 
proper  relation  between  the  State  and  the  State  Uni- 
versity. 

While  we  may  admit  that  this  Board  has  appreciated 
this  entire  matter,  it  must  be  as  freely  admitted  that  by 
reason  of  the  straitened  conditions  of  the  University's 
finances  during  the  last  five  years  the  Mining  and  Agri- 
cultural Departments  of  the  University  have  received 
neither  the  share  of  attention  nor  the  amounts  of  money 
we  all  should  have  desired. 

Without  making  any  invidious  distinction,  we  feel  that 
we  shall  not  be  unjust  by  delaying,  for,  we  hope,  but  a 
brief  period,  the  consideration  we  believe  will  soon  be 
accorded  to  the  great  mining  interests  of  our  State,  and 
calling  your  attention  to  the  more  pressing  wants  of  the 
agricultural  interests. 

Our  reasons  for  so  doing  are,  that  agriculture  is 
specially  mentioned  as  one  of  the  leading  subjects  to  be 
taught  at  the  State  University ;  that  the  scientific  knowl- 
edge essential  to  the  success  and  prosperity  of  agricul- 
ture is  better  known,  may  be  more  easily  and  quickly 
applied  and  with  more  immediate  and  more  certain  bene- 
ficial results,  and  because  the  present  great  depression  in 
the  agricultural  interests  of  this  State  makes  our  attention 
to  that  commanding  factor  of  our  State  prosperity  a  more 
pressing  and  perhaps  a  more  vital  duty. 

We  by  no  means  forget  the  splendid  but  limited  work 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  in  the  State  Univer- 
sity, but  a  handful  of  men,  however  able  and  however 
industrious,  and  the  professors  in  that  department  are 


i8 

both,  cannot  be,  and  should  not  be  expected  to  exert  the 
prolific  influence  of  their  skill  and  learning  throughout 
a  State  whose  boundaries  are  equaled  only  by  the  bounty 
of  Nature  which  has  blessed  almost  every  part  of  it  with 
a  capacity  and  variety  of  soil  products  unequaled  in  any 
other  part  of  the  globe. 

The  products  of  that  soil  in  the  year  1895  are  roughly 
estimated  as  follows:  Wheat,  $13,250,000;  barley,  #4,- 
500,000;  corn,  oats  and  rye,  $3,500,000;  hay,  $12,000,- 
ooo;  beans,  $1^,500,000;  potatoes,  $750,000;  onions, 
$250,000;  green  and  dried  fruits,  raisins,  wine  and  grapes, 
citrus  fruits,  ripe  and  dried,  $24,000,000;  wine,  $5,600,- 
ooo;  grape  brandy,  $2,000,000;  hops,  $1,350,000;  sugar 
beets,  $2,000,000;  all  other  products,  say,  $2,000,000; 
making  a  total  of,  say,  $72,000,000. 

It  is,  we  believe  far  within  the  truth  to  say  that  if  the 
present  scientific  intelligence  and  knowledge  in  regard  to 
agricultural  matters  were  generally  applied  throughout 
this  State,  an  increase  in  the  above  values  of  at  least  five 
per  cent  would  result,  which  would  mean  a  saving  to  the 
State  of  over  ten  times  the  total  expenses  of  the  entire 
University;  while  an  enormous  additional  saving  to  the 
State  could  be  made  by  preventing  the  waste  and  loss 
of  time,  energy  and  money  in  vainly  attempting  to  raise 
products  in  a  way,  or  upon  soils  so  unfitted  to  success, 
that  failure  is  inevitable. 

And  though  we  believe  we  recognize  fully  the  para- 
mount advantages  of  a  great  University  in  the  broader 
and  loftier  life  which  is  a  natural  result  of  the  higher 
education  of  the  citizen,  we  should  not  forget  that  in  the 


19 

wisdom  of  the  Republic  which  founded  these  State 
Universities,  one  purpose  was  never  lost  sight  of  by  her 
Statesmen,  and  should  not  be  by  us,  and  that  was:  "  To 
promote  the  liberal  and  practical  education  of  the  indus- 
trial classes  in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  in 
life" — a  duty  we  have  fulfilled  well  for  the  professions  in 
the  affiliated  colleges  of  the  University  in  Law,  Medicine, 
Dentistry,  and  Pharmacy,  and  which  we  believe  can  be, 
and  should  be  more  fully  carried  out  for  Mining  and  Agri- 
culture. 

To  accomplish  these  purposes,  which  have  been  en- 
joined on  us  as  duties,  we  would  suggest  that  the  State 
should  be  divided  as  soon  as  possible,  into  proper  districts, 
and  that  there  should  be  sent  into  those  districts,  im- 
mediately, authoritative  representatives  of  the  University, 
who  should,  at  stated  times  and  places,  of  which  ample 
notice  should  be  given,  meet  those  citizens  who  are 
engaged  in  fruit  or  vine  culture,  in  general  farm- 
ing or  in  dairying  or  in  stock-raising,  and  then  and  there 
avow  to  them  the  desire  and  the  duty  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  to  have  a  more  thorough  understand- 
ing of  the  requirements  and  wishes  of  the  citizens  en- 
gaged in  such  pursuits,  and  the  powers,  the  purposes  and 
the  means  of  the  State  University,  in  that  behalf,  all  with 
the  view  of  increasing  the  variety,  value  and  amount  of 
the  products  of  our  soil.  In  other  words  we  hope  that 
just  as  the  University  has  done  much  for  education,  by 
its  visitation  of  all  the  schools  in  the  State,  so  the 
University,  through  its  agricultural  department,  will  do 


20 

equally  well  if  not  better,  for  the  material  interests 
of  the  State,  by  a  similar  system  of  visitation. 

We  have  been  waited  on  by  Professor  Hilgard,  the 
head  of  the  Agricultural  Department  of  the  University, 
and  he  has  stated  to  us  that  his  department,  without  in- 
jury to  it,  though  with  greater  demand  on  its  time,  can 
have  fifty  meetings  throughout  the  State  at  widely 
separated  places  within  the  next  six  months,  with  those 
engaged  in  the  various  occupations  dependent  upon  the 
soil,  and  we  have  ascertained  that  this  can  be  done  at  a 
cost  not  to  exceed  thirty-five  hundred  dollars,  and  we  be- 
lieve that  such  money  would  be  expended  not  only  wisely 
and  well,  not  only  in  the  interests  of  the  State,  but  in  the 
fullest  and  largest  sense  in  the  interests  of  the  State 
University,  and  without  any  doubts  or  misgivings  we 
unanimously  recommend  the  necessary  expenditure  not 
to  exceed  thirty-five  hundred  dollars  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  above  purposes. 

Not  only  this,  but  inasmuch  as  those  dependent  on  that 
soil,  by  reason  of  their  isolated  situation,  are  frequently, 
if  not  usually,  unfamiliar  with  the  markets  of  the  world 
for  their  products,  the  State  University  should  afford 
frequent  and  timely  and  accurate  knowledge  of  these 
markets  and  the  means  whereby  they  can  be  reached, 
that  not  only  should  the  producer  obtain  the  largest  and 
most  lucrative  yield,  but  receive  the  greatest  possible  re- 
turn from  the  disposition  of  his  products.  Yes,  and 
more  than  this,  and  in  the  years  to  come,  perhaps  as  im- 
portant as  this,  the  State  University  should  maintain  in 
its  Agricultural  Department,  a  meteorological  bureau,  as 


21 

the  other  great  countries  are  already  doing,  which  should 
give  for  the  benefit  of  those  depending  upon  the  soil, 
forecasts,  not  of  the  day  or  of  the  morrow,  but  with  a 
much  broader  observation,  looking  over  the  data  for  all 
past  years,  forecasts  for  the  farmer  of  the  seasons  to 
come,  and  through  our  experimental  stations,  give  timely 
warning  of  the  frost  and  the  dew;  matters  not  beyond 
our  own  times,  nor  even  perhaps  our  own  day,  when  a 
cable  to  Honolulu  and  meteorological  stations  there,  and 
at  the  Aleutian  Islands,  shall  furnish  us  data  with  which 
such  seasons  forecasts  can  be  made  with  reasonable  ac- 
curacy. 

We  are  well  aware  that  the  foregoing  report  may  be 
deemed  somewhat  larger  in  its  scope  than  might  be  con- 
sidered by  some  to  be  within  the  purview  or  the  duty  of 
a  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  and  were  the  only  ques- 
tion before  us  or  before  this  honorable  body,  the  mere 
deficiency  for  this  year,  we  might  have  less  excuse 
for  both  the  length  and  the  breadth  of  this  report; 
but  we  cannot  feel,  and  we  hope  this  body  will  not, 
that  such  is  the  small  and  narrow  question  to  which 
we  have  been  asked  to  give  answer.  We  feel,  as  we 
believe  this  Board  must,  if  it  consider  the  matter 
thoughtfully,  that  it  is  the  existence  and  conduct  of 
the  future,  rather  than  the  present  University  which 
we  and  you  are  called  on  to  consider;  and  as  the 
Board  has  just  taken  action,  looking  to  buildings  of 
the  State  University  for  a  distant  future,  so  we  and  the 
Board  may  well  regard  the  University's  condition  when 
it  has  risen  to  dignity,  power  and  purpose  commensurate 


22 

with  the  pride,  the  glory  and  the  ends  of  a  great  and 
sovereign  State;  and  in  this  view  and  on  this  plane,  a  Com- 
mittee on  Ways  and  Means  for  the  conduct  of  such  an 
University  would  fail  utterly  in  its  duty  were  it  to  pass 
over  a  means  whereby  an  institution  of  learning,  depend- 
ent almost  entirely  on  the  good  will  of  the  people, 
could  bind  those  people  to  it  with  a  bond  of  material  in- 
terest, and  by  the  fealty  which  would  spring  from  the  fact 
that  that  institution  had  sent  forth  a  tendril  of  thoughtful, 
helpful  and  affectionate  regard  to  every  acre  of  soil 
within  the  State. 

And  let  us  not  think  that  the  material  welfare  of  that 
State  is  a  matter  to  be  despised  by  us  as  the  controllers 
of  the  course  and  conduct  of  the  State's  highest  institu- 
tion of  learning.  There  are  already  murmurings  that  the 
higher  education  should  be  neither  so  costly  nor  of  so 
little  use,  especially  where  primary  education  is  still  far 
from  complete ;  that  too  many  graduates  from  the  Univer- 
sity swell  the  overcrowded  professions,  and  too  few  of 
them  are  willing  or  able  to  enter  the  lower  fields  of  labor; 
that  the  State  should  receive  an  adequate  return  for  its 
expenditure  for  the  higher  education,  in  the  increased 
usefulness  of  the  graduates  and  the  greater  value  of  the 
material  resources  of  the  State. 

Well  has  it  been  said  that  he  is  no  mean  benefactor 
who  causes  two  blades  of  grass  to  grow  where  but  one 
grew  before,  and  in  the  rounded  out  harmony  and  pur- 
poses of  a  great  University  there  is  room  for  both  those 
twin  results  of  the  highest  civilization, — use  as  well  as 
beauty. 


23 

Let  us  look  at  the  University  of  California  and  teach  her 
faculties,  graduates,  students  and  the  people  of  the  State 
to  view  her,  not  only  in  her  buildings  at  Berkeley — the 
visible  signs  of  her  existence,  but  in  her  regard  for  the 
intellectual  and  material  welfare  of  the  State,  as  a  lofty, 
worthy,  integral  and  important  part  of  the  State,  and 
when  the  University  once  assumes  this  attitude,  there 
will  be  no  danger  that  the  State  will  permit  so  prominent 
and  so  noble  a  part  of  her  organization  to  suffer. 

Let  us  recognize  also,  keenly  and  deeply,  that  only  by 
a  unanimity  of  opinion  on  this  subject  will  we  be  best  able 
to  convince  those  who  have  given  to  the  University  of 
this  State  less  attention  than  our  duty  compels  us  to 
give,  that  the  course  we  may  adopt  is  clear  to  us  as  vital 
to  the  success  and  the  prosperity  of  the  University  of 
California,  and,  through  the  fullest  and  highest  fulfillment 
of  her  purposes,  to  the  State  of  California. 

As  the  result  of  our  labor  we  earnestly  recommend  the 
appropriation  of  the  sum  of  thirty-five  hundred  dollars 
for  the  payment  of  the  cost  of  holding  fifty  meetings 
throughout  the  State  of  those  engaged  in  occupations 
dependent  on  the  soil,  at  which  the  proper  representa- 
tives of  the  University  shall  explain  and  amplify  the  fore- 
going views. 

J.  B.  REINSTEIN, 
SAMUEL  'T.  BLACK, 
ARTHUR  RODGERS. 
Committee  on    Ways  and  Means* 


NON-CIRCULATING  BOOK 


53343" 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


